The last step in the immigration ladder is to become a Canadian Citizen. Individuals who are applying for Canadian citizenship must be:
1) 18 years of age;
2) be a permanent resident of Canada;
3) meet residency obligations.
If the applicant is a child under the age of 18, the following circumstances must be met:
1) the child must be a permanent resident;
2) does not have to have lived in Canada for three years;
3) the child’s parent, adoptive parent, or legal guardian, and one of the parents is already a Canadian citizen or is in the process of applying to become a citizen. This applies to adoptive parents also.
The applicant must meet two other requirements in addition to the above:
1) language requirement; and
2) knowledge about Canada requirement (Canada’s history, geography, government, and the rights and responsibilities of citizenship).
A language test is required to be provided with an application and a test is to be taken to prove knowledge about Canada. Persons 55 years of age and over are exempt from these two requirements.
Note that your permanent residence status in Canada must not be involved in an immigration investigation, immigration inquiry or a removal order.
Applicants residing in Canada prior to becoming permanent residents can receive credit for one half day, to a maximum of one year, for each day of residing in Canada.
There are prohibitions on an individual applying for Canadian citizenship if a criminal history is present in certain circumstances.
Citizenship Revocation
If Refugee Citizenship and Immigration Canada (RCIC) believes that you obtained your citizenship through “false statements or fraud or by knowingly concealing material circumstances”, they can start proceedings to take citizenship away from you. This means, that if you were untruthful in setting out your period of residence in Canada or, for instance, did not disclose a criminal record, then you are at risk of losing your citizenship.
Citizenship Resumption
Individuals who previously held Canadian citizenship may resume their citizenship status under certain circumstances.
Passport Application
When somebody applies for a new passport with a family name (surname) that is different from the name on his/her birth or citizenship certificate, that person must submit one of the following documents, along with their birth or citizenship certificate:
a marriage certificate; or
a common-law relationship certificate; or
a court order (i.e. separation agreement or divorce order/judgment) issued by a court of law in or outside Canada; or
a certificate to dissolve a registered common-law relationship; or
a resumption of surname certificate.
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